Internal-combustion and other engine.



s. c. FREGOSQ. INTERNAL COMBUSTIUN AND OTHER ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.2!.19|7- 1,285,106. Patented Nov. 19, 1918'.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

U Mym S. C. FREGUBO.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION AND QTHLR ENUHE AFPLICAUDN FILED DEC, 2! ism 1,285,106. Erai'm'aml M. m, mm.

2 SMZUS "tHiiiil 2.

mechanical construction for SEVERO GAMPO FREGOSO, 0F BRIGHTON, ENGLAND,

ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JOHN RICHARD RYMAN, OF WIVERLY, SURREY, ENGLAND.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION AND OTHER ENGINE.

Application filed December 21. 1917.

70 all lP/IOIM it may concern:

lie it known that I, Snvnuo AMIO FunoosO, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at 26 Lower Roek Gardens, Brighton, in the county of Sussex, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to lnternal-Combus tion and other Engines. of which the following is n. specification. r

This invention relates to internal Combustion engines and the like.

The primary object of my invent on to provide an engine working upon an im-- proved principle of design, whereby an engine can be produced which extremely compact, very light and powerful, well bulanccd as regards its moving parts, so that undesirable strains are eliminated, and which possesses many other important manufacturing and working advantages as eo1n pared with internal combustion engines as at present constructed.

The engine also embodies an improved transforming the linear movement of the piston, or pistons, into the required rotary movement of the crank-shaft, or shafts, without the use of oscillating connecting rods, or cross heads, thus permitting a very simple and compact construction to he obtained. This method of converting linear into rotor motion may also be adapted to other engines.

In the typical method of constructing an engine according to my invention, I provide a cylinder, which may he of any suitable metal or alloy of metals. Within this cylinder are fitted two pistons. The piston which is nearest to the crank is furnished preferably with one rod, which may be tubular, and .Which is rigidly attached. in any ordinary wayAio the piston. This rod passes through a diaplira in between the bottom of the cylinder and t e crank chamber, a suitable gland being provided through which the said rod passes. The other piston is provided with a rod connected at the outside" to a transverse bar, which bar is connected. by means of rods assin down outside and o the cylinder and through suitable glands into the crank chamber, to the two frames or devices operatin upon the outer throws of a three throw cran or cranks, as hereinafter described, the

rod or rods of the first being connected to a frame or equivalent de- Spe ification of Letters Patent.

mentioned piston Patented Nov. 19, 1918.

Serial No. 208.252.

tween the inner piston and the diaphragm, when the piston is movingup the cylinder. ()n the return stroke the mixture is first compressed unl then forced around from behind the inner piston to the space in the cylinder between the pistons. It is then compressed 5 between the two pistons, as they approach one another, tired at the proper time, and the pistons are driven apart communicating the motion through the rods to the crank shaft or shafts As the upper piston reaches the top of its stroke. the? exhaust ports are unco ered. and the products of combustion escape, the rush of the i ncoming mixture assisting to scavenge the engine.

In some eases. in place of introducing ex- 35 plosive mixture into the annular chamber, I may introduce air which is com ressed and forced around or transferred to t e space between the pistons the fuel being injected at the proper time, upon the Diesel or semi- 9 Diesel principle.

For converting the linear motion into rotary motion I prefer to provide an arrange ment of the following description:

Suitably mounted in the crank case are two three throw cranks at equal distances' apart on each side of the center line of 'the cylinder or cylinders. The correspondin crank pins of the two cranks are connecte by devices which I term bridges, so that as the cranks rotate, the pins which ass through suitable bearings in the bri es cause the same to follow circular paths moving always parallel to themselves. Em bracing each bridge is a device through which the bridge can slide, and this, device is attached to the extremity of the rodin connection with the inner piston or to one of the rods in connection with the outer piston as thecase may be.

In this way, as the pistons are operated the linear motion of the rods causes the devices to be pushed backward and forward which in turn causes the bridges connecting b the crank pins to be also pushed backward and Forward [ind at the same time to slide transversely communicating a rotary 1H0".

tion to the shafts.

In some cases, in place of connecting the outer piston to a. lHll' which is in turn coniicctcd by means of rods to the devices in connection with the crank shaft or shafts, 1 may provitjhthe outer piston with a central rod, which passes down through a suit able gland in the inner piston and is ronnected. to the device working with the center throw of the crank 0r cranks, the inner piston in this case being provided with side rods passing: through the diaphragm to the devices in connection with the outer throws of the three cranks.

Tn the case of hollow piston rods a com tinuous flow of air can he rovided', enter ing the crank case and pass ng out through the hollow rods.

in order that. my said invention may be :a'wre learly understood I will now proceed to de cribe the same with reference to the drawing accompanying this specification,

which shous by way of example a two cylinder engine constructed according to my invention.

Figure l is a sectional elevation of the engine and Fig. 2 is a. sil'nilar view with a 85 sectional portion at right angles to the plane of section in Fig. 1.

The same letters and numerals of reference are employed to denote the same parts in all the views.

good nhunii'iii'nn alloy. 7 is a crank case located lot 311N151 the cylnn'h-rs a. This crank case ma open to the atmosphere. in Return 2c tyhndcrs and. the crank ase m H spwagms r. In each of the cylinders r titted tno pistons, an inner piston d a an ou rr piston 6. Each of the inner pistt-rs d is provided with a piston an rod f. this rod lining rigidly attached to th: center of the piston in any suitable manner. The. rod f passes through suitable contractile rings, ghouls or the like 3 fitted in the diaphragms (r.

The outer piston n is provided with a bit'urcated rod 7 which is attachedat the in nor end to the center of the iston c, the outer end' of the arm of the ork 9' being attached to a bar it. j, j are two rods which 80 are attached at their out -r ends to the ex trtuuities of the bar In and. which pass down outside and parallel to the walls of the cylii'n'ler, through coutrm'til rings glands or the like K into the (rink case.

85 m, m, are two crank shafts, which may be hollow. They are provided with three throw cranks, the central throw in each crank being at 180 or thereabout from the outer throws. The center throw is denoted by m and the outer throws by m Corresponding inner throws m are connected by a bridge n and the corresponding outer throws m are connected by bridges 11?. The bridges are provided with plain, roller or ball hearings or equivalent devices through which the crank pins pass.

Suitably attached to the inner end of each of the rods 7 is a. slide or skate p which operates the bridge a, one of the said slides or skates coming on each side of the brid e and. bein connected to the opposite SllHE or skate y means of straps q, so that a frame or device is formed by the skates and straps which embraces the bridge and through which the bridge is enabled to slide.

Similar skates p and straps g are providcd in connection with the bridges M.

r is an annular chamber extending around one end of each of the cylinders a in the neighborhood of the bottom thereof. 8 are rows of ports opening into the cylinder. This annular chamber is in connection wit the. source of supply of explosive mixture or with the air supply where the engine is to be worked upon the Diesel or semi-Diesel principle. A light nonreturn valve '0 is fitted between the annular chamber and the inlet pipe at. t is another annular chamber, communicating by means of ports "w with the interior of the cylinder and with a. suitable exhaust pipe.

The particular engine represented is provided with air cooling fins, but it is of course to be understood that the engine may be constructed so that it can be water cooled.

8 and 9 are two oil-pipes extending be tween the inner ends of the corresponding rods of the inner and outer.pist'ons and which are adapted to slide within sleeves 10 to provide for establishing a continuous oil-path. from the oil-intake through the sleeves to the inside of; the pipe 3.

. The pipe 8 is further in communication with oil ways drilled through the center of the piston rod f and. these again are in communication with other oil we 5 drilled radially through the iston hea s d and terminating at the we s of the piston between the two sets of packing rings.

The ipe 9 is similarly in communication with Oll ways drilled through the outer. piston rods 3', the bifurcated rods 9 and the.

piston heads 0. Alternatively, the, piping may extend from the sleeves 10 to the center or to the walls of the pistons e followin the course of the outer rods and thusavolding drilling through them.

The lubricating oil, which is delivered to the sleeves 10 under pressure by means of pipes leading from an oil pump or in channher and the space at the hack suitable manner is forced from any other and 9 and from the sleeves to the pipes 8 these pipes to the pistons d and 6, through the series of oil ways asloefore indicated. The lubricant is thus delivered directly be tween the surfaces cont-acting very much in the same way as it is delivered hetween the bearing surfaces on the crank shaft. under present pressure t'ecd systems.

The crank shaft system, with all other moving parts within the crank case may be luhrieatet'l by spray originating from the crank shaft. itself or in any other suit able manner, the usual dry sump arrangement being preferably adopted.

The operation of the engine will be readily understood.

Supposing the parts to he in the position shown at the left hand side of Fig. 2, where the pistons (I and e are about to approach one another; as the piston d moves outward. the explosive mixture is forced in behind th said piston and into the space between the same and the diaphragm c.

On the return mixture is com pressed within the said space, and within the annular chamber T which is provided. as stated with a valve o for pre venting the compressed mixture be ng: dri en hack to the reservoir or pump.

Wheu the piston approaches the bottom of the stroke. the upper row of ports 8 be comes uncovered and the mixture is forced around or transt'twtcd to the. space between the two pistons. hoth from the annular I of the piston. Being now within the space in the cylinder, between the pistons d and a, which are approacliim one another, it becomes compressed and at or about) the time when the said pistons are most nearly together it is exploded in. the ordinary way by a. sparkin plug or plugs located at g.

Vhen the pistons again recede from. one another, the outer piston e uncovers the ports w and exhaust takes place in the ordinary way. i

The exhaust is assisted by the 'inrush of the fresh mixture and the working of the ports is preferably so timed that the transfer ports are uncovered slightly after the exhaust ports have been opened.

The method of transmitting the power developed 10 the engine has already been indicated it 'eing understood that the power may'he taken either h, the other shaft Working as an idle shaft, or that the drive maybe communicated from both shafts, any appropriate gear being inv that case provided such as toothed gearing or a chain for concentrating the power upon an auxiliary shaft or coupling the two shaft-s together.

It will be understood that although I have described a form of engine provided with may connect a Hit-.glo cylinder engine stroke of the piston, the

from one of the shafts directly iii two cvlin lels. a larger HllllllH'l ot' cflintlors may he employed and that in some "uses, 1 to a transmissitm gear ol' this description. My construct ion-possesses part irular ad vantages in that a single cylinder is as well halanced as a mulliplecylinder engine.

l urthcr advantages of this particular method of i CllilVililllQ reciprocating into rotary motion are that it greatly reduces vibration and shortens the engine, While the i'ta'ls owing to their rigid attachment at both ends tunisiderahlv assist in steadying and guiding the pistons.

Although I ha ve shown a pair of crank shafts eonneetwl together by means 0 bridges. l may in some uses provide single crank shafts. in this ca with a two cylinder engine of the type just described with rel'errnw to the drawing, i pro de three rwtangnlar or other fttiilflt whic are adapted to slide in different. planes in suitable guides in the crank elu'mihcr The. central i rann has attached to twig. end thereof the inner ends oi the central piston reds, and this frame provided with. a. iran. 'so -lidrway, in which sl des hloek througu whit-h passes the entral crank pin, with the intervention 03 miller roller hearings. or other anti-friction. devices. Similar antl't'riction devices may hpro- \ltlfll it desired between the blot-ii and the sliilewa v.

In a similar manner. the two other trait-ins. one of which is lorated on each side oil the before]nentioned central frame, are 111 o vided with sliding hloclts through wh ch pass the outer pins of the three throw cranks and the fitllll rl have nonnectt-dto them the rorrespondiup iotls oi the. other piston.

\Vith this construct ion. as the crank shaft is rotated. each of the blocks motes rem side to side of its correspomliag siideway and the motion oi the rods conimimimited to the crank shaft when. the pistons are driven as previously explained.

The particular details of construction may he. var d considerably to suit retpti'r according: to the uses for which the (-Iljflltfi is intended. witl'n'ult departing from the principle of my invention For instance, in some cases instead f p riding two crank shafts equally dist-an: from the axis. of the cylinders, I may nilset the position of the two crank shafts, so

1 ti [l as to bring one of themolrectlv or almost line iii the said axis of the cylinders. In this case. the second crank shaft acts as a mere guide to the bridges or equivalent devices operating on the crank pins.

Ur again, three or more crank sl rifts may he fitted parallel to one another each bridge in this case linhing the three or more cm?- rcsponding pins was said shafts.

The cylinders may be assembled in any desired engine unit in diverse manners according to the purposes of which the engine is designed, for instance in any of the following manners (a) In a sin le row, all on one side of the crank ease t lie one or more shafts being accordingly lengthened, and the three throw arrangement repeated, each set of throws being at a suitable and easily defined angle to the others.

(Z?) In a double or treble row, all on one side of the two or more parallel shafts, each set of two or more cylinders operating upon the same set of bridges and therefore working and firing in consonance.

(c) In one or more pairs of directly opposed cylinders, the cylinders on each side of the crank case being arranged in any of the methods just described.

In any of these cases, the crank shaft arrangement is capable of assuming any of the various methods of construction already explained.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States of America 1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a crank-case having cylinders at opposite oints thereon and in continuation of thee outer pistons arranged therein, said "pistons being provided with piston-rods, the piston-rods of the inner pistons being attached centrally thereof, the piston-rods of the outer pistons being latand guided through said amber thereof,-said cylinders having inner and erally connected thereto and extending longitudinally and guided through said crank case, pairs of frames formed.of connected skates and straps, the piston-rods of said inner and outer pistons being connected to pairs of said frames, crank-shafts hung in.

said crankcase and having alternating loops or throws and bridges coupling said crank-shafts together and having slidable engagement with the skates of said frames.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of.a crank-case having cylinders at opposite points and in of the chamber thereof, said cylinders having inner and outer pistons arranged therein, said pistons being provided with pistonrods the piston rods of the inner pistons being attached centrally thereof the pistonrods of the outer pistons being laterally connected thereto and extending longitudinally crank-case, a pair of frames formed of connected skates and straps, the piston-rods of said inner and outer said ames, crank-shafts hung in said crank-case and having loops or throws and bridges coupling said erank-shafts together and having slidable engagement with the skates of said frames, said cylinders having ported annular chambers and exhaust'chambers at the respective ends of each cylinder together with a valved'inlet and an exhaust outlet at the opposite ends of each cylinder respectively.

Iii-testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

SEVERO CAMPO FREGOS continuation fpistons being connected to pairs of 

